The Next G.R.O.W. Meeting

The next G.R.O.W. meeting will be on January 10 at the Bromley Room/Siuslaw Library, at 5:30 PM.  This will not conflict with a Co-op Board meeting.


Notes form the November 29the meeting:

John discussed having non-structured boards and staying as creative as possible in how it is run. Whenever there is a vote which needs to be taken regarding some important issue, we will need a quorum in order to vote, so we should decide how many people we need to make that vote count. Since our group is not run by any one particular person, it is important that we all share and have the ability to freely express our ideas, opinions and passions. As we work on the structure of this group, agendas will be formed. Anyone who wishes to be put on an agenda can contact Joann at 997-2997.

Steve informed us that Cynthia has sponsored a 1 year subscription to a web page and they have entitled it Grow-Share.org. They spent quite a bit of time trying to find something that was not being used and which kept with what this group is about. Thank you to Cynthia for this generous contribution and to Steve for working on this with her. 

Most of the group can be contacted via email, however, there are a few who do not have access to computers. Communication with them must be made by phone or mail. A phone tree has been set up with Joann, Ann and Karen. Rene also said she would help with that. Let's all talk.

John discussed a little bit about global warming and how Florence will be less affected by it. He has been doing some research on this subject and you may want to talk to him further about what he has learned. 

As we discussed, starting July, 2012, Miller Park will be closing. What this means is that there will not be the funds to upkeep the park in the same manner as it has been for many years. There will remain one full time employee who will manage the park but all others will be volunteer. As swing sets, etc. start to deteriorate to the point of becoming dangerous, they will not be replaced but taken out. It is important that all of us show our faces and support at City Hall meetings regarding this issue and what it will mean to our town. Matt Kennedy was present at the last town hall meeting and brought up the idea of creating a community garden in the park, which was met positively. How this will be accomplished requires much discussion along with creative ideas. Much good can come when we all gather together and show our support for this community garden by attending these city hall meetings. At our next meeting, we can discuss going to the next town hall meeting and being put on the agenda.

Joann will be contacting David Armstrong who might be able to offer counsel us as to how to proceed. John mentioned that creating an experimental garden in the park would help us to see what will work in that micro-climate as well as helping us to learn about new types of food we can grow here on the coast. Because the park has so few trees, creating windbreaks would help to protect the plants as well. Schools in the area could see firsthand how the garden is doing and possibly want to create their own garden, which would give the children a hands on approach to growing their own food. 

Fertilizer and compost will be ordered in January and can be picked up at Food Share. Ann and Bart will be organizing this. We will receive this in pallet lots at cost and it comes in large square bales. John and Maria will get us the pricing.

John & Maria are putting together an order for plants. He discussed a few:

1. Cornelian cherries (Dogwood), which are frost hearty, tear dropped fruits

2. Aronia bushes ($4.50 ea.) are great plants to grow. Not overly sweet but better nutritionally than cranberries. 

    "No food is more nutritious", says John.

3. Sea Buckthorn

4. Goumi Bush (Autumn Olive family) can be made into raisins when dried.  It is a nitrogen producing plant, has no mold problems, is easy to grow and very productive.

5. Mulberry- requires no pollination. Fruits in 3-4 years. When good angled limbs are maintained, the branches will not break and they product abundant fruit. ($8.00 ea)

To avoid slugs, copper tape placed around the bottom of trees works well.

Interesting books to read:

"The Gerson Therapy" - Charlotte Gerson

"Creating a Forest Garden" - Marin Crawford

"The Healing Intelligence of Essential Oils" - Kurt Schnaubelt, PhD.

We all thought showing interesting movies about the latest theories on food, etc. would be nice to incorporate in some of our meetings. 

Moderator for next meeting:  Pat Stutzman

Please come and bring your thoughts and ideas.

Climate Change Causing Tree Migration

This article was sent to me by a friend.  It is significant in that it is a larger indicator of what is happening on a smaller scale in our personal environments.

Contact: Richard Waring

richard.waring@oregonstate.edu

541-737-6087

Oregon State University

Climate change causing massive movement of tree species across the West

CORVALLIS, Ore. – A huge "migration" of trees has begun across much of

the West due to global warming, insect attack, diseases and fire, and

many tree species are projected to decline or die out in regions where

they have been present for centuries, while others move in and replace

them.

In an enormous display of survival of the fittest, the forests of the

future are taking a new shape.

In a new report, scientists outline the impact that a changing climate

will have on which tree species can survive, and where. The study

suggests that many species that were once able to survive and thrive

are losing their competitive footholds, and opportunistic newcomers

will eventually push them out.

In some cases, once-common species such as lodgepole pine will be

replaced by other trees, perhaps a range expansion of ponderosa pine

or Douglas-fir. Other areas may shift completely out of forest into

grass savannah or sagebrush desert. In central California, researchers

concluded that more than half of the species now present would not be

expected to persist in the climate conditions of the future.

"Some of these changes are already happening, pretty fast and in some

huge areas," said Richard Waring, professor emeritus at Oregon State

University and lead author of the study. "In some cases the mechanism

of change is fire or insect attack, in others it's simply drought.

"We can't predict exactly which tree (species) will die or which one

will take its place, but we can see the long-term trends and

probabilities," Waring said. "The forests of our future are going to

look quite different."

Waring said tree species that are native to a local area or region are

there because they can most effectively compete with other species

given the specific conditions of temperature, precipitation, drought,

cold-tolerance and many other factors that favor one species over

another in that location.

As those climatic conditions change, species that have been

established for centuries or millennia will lose their competitive

edge, Waring said, and slowly but surely decline or disappear.

This survey, done with remote sensing of large areas over a four-year

period, compared 15 coniferous tree species that are found widely

across much of the West in Canada and the United States. The research

explored impacts on 34 different "eco-regions" ranging from the

Columbia Plateau to the Sierra Nevada, Snake River Plain and Yukon

Highlands.

It projected which tree species would be at highest risk of

disturbance in a future that's generally expected to be 5-9 degrees

Fahrenheit warmer by 2080, with perhaps somewhat more precipitation in

the winter and spring, and less during the summer.

Among the findings:

    Some of the greatest shifts in tree species are expected to occur

in both the northern and southern extremes of this area, such as

British Columbia, Alberta, and California.

    Large declines are expected in lodgepole pine and Engelmann

spruce, and more temperate species such as Douglas-fir and western

hemlock may expand their ranges.

    Many wilderness areas are among those at risk of the greatest

changes, and will probably be the first to experience major shifts in

tree species.

    Some of the mild, wetter areas of western Oregon and Washington

will face less overall species change than areas of the West with a

harsher climate.

    More than half of the evergreen species are experiencing a

significant decrease in their competitiveness in six eco-regions.

    Conditions have become more favorable for outbreaks of diseases and insects.

    Warming will encourage growth at higher elevations and latitudes,

and increased drought at the other extremes. Fire frequency will

continue to increase across the West, and any tree species lacking

drought resistance will face special challenges.

"Ecosystems are always changing at the landscape level, but normally

the rate of change is too slow for humans to notice," said Steven

Running, the University of Montana Regents Professor and a co-author

of the study. "Now the rate of change is fast enough we can see it."

Even though the rate of change has increased, these processes will

take time, the scientists said. A greater stability of forest

composition will not be attained anytime soon, perhaps for centuries.

"There's not a lot we can do to really control these changes," Waring

said. "For instance, to keep old trees alive during drought or insect

attacks that they are no longer able to deal with, you might have to

thin the forest and remove up to half the trees. These are very

powerful forces at work."

One of the best approaches to plan for an uncertain future, the

researchers said, is to maintain "connective corridors" as much as

possible so that trees can naturally migrate to new areas in a

changing future and not be stopped by artificial boundaries.

###

Also collaborating on the research was Nicholas Coops at the

University of British Columbia. The work has been supported by NASA,

and the study is being published in two professional journals,

Ecological Modeling and Remote Sensing of Environment.

G.R.O.W

Recently I have come to know the passion of John and Maria Yager for growing food and turning on  the rest of the world to growing food as well. Greenfields Farm, on Fiddle Creek Road, is an adventure to get to.  At the end of the journey, a five mile stretch of dirt road, that will challenge any paint job, ends in abundant fields of chard, kale, tomatoes, squash, corn....exotic berries and apples...and any number of known and unknown edible varieties of plants.  Fortunately they have been working this farm for some years, and we are heirs to knowledge about how gardening works. And we benefit from the Yagers' Farmers Market produce and their undying attempts to educate and help anyone do it on their own. Recently we helped them get their apple harvest in and cider pressed.

The food supply in the United States has not been as impacted as in some countries.  But prices are rising, and our poorer folks will have a harder time getting nutritional food.  In times like this many people begin to rely on cheap processed foods to get them through....foods which are high in sugars, fats and any number of unnecessary additives.  They affect our health in the form of diabetes, obesity and heart disease, and are ultimately more expensive.  Gardening education and encouraging homegrown gardens could be the answer for many people.  And food tastes better!  It's amazing how simple it is to put seeds in the ground and find wholesome, delicious plants a few weeks later.

We have begun a group called G.R.O.W. to help introduce food producing plants, shrubs and trees into our local public and private landscapes.  Every spring we will offer the opportunity to buy organic chicken manure wholesale, and this fall and winter we are buying food bearing plants, shrubs and trees wholesale. Members of the group are available for all kinds of information about growing your own food. It is a loose organization at present,  meeting bi-weekly, and all are welcome.  Let's turn our town into a garden paradise!

We also have information from Evan Garrett about building greenhouses.  Email him at evangarret@hotmail.com for information.

John Yager recently introduced us to Seaberries, a German favorite for its high Vitamin C, D, and E content... great for juice and jams.  The Seaberry is a beautiful shrub and will add to any landscape.  It is four to eight feel tall, depending on the variety, very willowy with lanceolate grey-green leaves.  The abundant orange berries grow in clusters along the stem.  You can try them at the local Saturday Market at John and Maria's booth.  Some of us have just received our first Seaberry shrubs.

If you're interested in coming to the meetings or getting on a contact list for plants, please call John at 541 902-8815.  The next meeting will be held at the Bromley Room of the library, November 22 at 5:30 PM in the library's Bromley Room. Or call Joann Henderson at 997-2997 (or email giovanna@oregonfast.net.)

Here are notes from the last meeting:

John Yager said he would like to see a self sufficient Florence creating more food and biodiversity, with children and families planting and tending gardens in public spaces. We need to involve people and teach the use of permaculture techniques in our landscape.

          He talked about Devil's Club which is growing in our area and has beneficial
          anti-microbial qualities in the spines and berries.                                                                                                         

Several people with established community programs want to be involved in the GROW group, ie. Pat and Glen Stewart from "Helping Hands", Bart Healer from Food Share, Debbie Sherman, a social worker, who wants to get housing and programs for the 69 + homeless children here in Florence, and Danyel Hummel from the Food for Lane County Community Food Asssessment program. 

• We talked about Amazon Gardens and plants in California as part of a Big Garden that the Indians tended to maintain a balanced eco-system.  Tending The Wild is a reference on that subject.

• We discussed the need for space to grow things like the Silver Berry, a hybrid, that produces in February and March. Their seeds are 40% protein. 

• Berries of the Wild Fuscia in our area are edible. There aren't that many of them and they are not very sweet, but they are edible and pretty in a salad 

• Gooseberries may be an invasive species, but grow well in our area and they like the shade.

• We would like to begin a seed bank and exchange seeds. 

• Two seed companies which are good to use are Peaceful Valley.com and Wild seed.com. 

• A permaculture book,  "Botanical Preservation" was given a good review. And we were told there is a 40 hour class on line for Introduction to permaculture. http://permaculture-media-download.blogspot.com/2011/09/introduction-to-permaculture-40-hours.html 

                    Another good site is www.permaculture.co.uk/

          There were so many good offerings at that meeting: an offer of Alaskan fish at wholesale, a

          website for  G.R.O.W., help for  a children's garden program, organizing for buying fertilizer 

          wholesale again this spring, and a suggestion that we try to start community gardens 

          in our local parks.  

All are welcome to come to the next meeting on November 22nd.  Bring your ideas and  enthusiasm.

          Good gardening!

What To Plant Now

If you're thinking about putting in a winter garden, now is the time to plant kale, lettuce, mache and other salad green starts. You can also seed these now, as well as the following:  arugula, Asian greens, beets, cabbage for spring, carrots, endive (if you like endive), fava beans, garlic, onions, radish and shallots.

I recently put in broccoli and spinach starts, based on our late spring, summer, and possibly late fall. You can plant  beets, carrots, brassicas and lettuce together...they're good companions.

Of course, cover crops are good to plant now if you are not starting a winter garden.

Food Not Lawns

Food Not Lawns  is a neat site to access methods of organic gardening.  They have connections with Tilth and post valuable information for gardeners. I came across an extensive review of garden symphylans, those pesky little white centipede looking things that destroy plants.  They are pervasive in the Willamette Valley.  I'm not sure about the Coast. Check it out!

http://bugs.scribble.com/index.html

Got Cut Worms?

This article from the University of Minnesota might be helpful:  

Cutworms in Home Gardens

Jeffrey Hahn and Suzanne Wold-Burkness, 

University of Minnesota

Copyright ©  2011  Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

printer-friendly PDF version

INTRODUCTION

Cutworms are the larvae (caterpillars) of several species of night-flying moths in the family Noctuidae. The larvae are called cutworms because they cut down young plants as they feed on stems at or below the soil surface. There are also species of climbing cutworms that move up plants and feed upon foliage, buds and shoots. The adults are night-flying moths and do not cause damage. As general feeders, most cutworms attack a wide range of plants. Some common vegetable hosts include asparagus, bean, cabbage and other crucifers, carrot, celery, corn, lettuce, pea, pepper, potato, and tomato. In addition, a few species feed on turfgrass.

IDENTIFICATION

The most common species of cutworm occurring in Minnesota gardens are the bronzed cutworm, variegated cutworm, black cutworm, dingy cutworm, glassy cutworm and army cutworm.

Cutworms can be quite distinct from one another, and their coloring can vary from brown or tan to pink, green or gray and black.  Some cutworms are a uniform color while others are spotted or striped.  Some larvae are dull and others appear glossy or shiny.  Cutworms curl up into a tight "C" when disturbed. 

Adult moths are moderate sized, brown or black insects showing various splotches, or stripes in shades of gray, brown, black or white.  They generally have a body length of about one inch with wingspans up to 1 1/2 inches across.  Typically, the front wings are darker than the hind wings and are patterned. 

LIFE CYCLE

Some cutworms migrate into the state from the south each year.  However, other species, including, dingy cutworm, bronzed cutworm, and glassy cutworm are native to Minnesota and overwinter as eggs or larvae.

Female moths can lay hundreds of eggs, singly or in small clusters.  They typically deposit them on low-growing plants and on plant residue.  Migrating moths lay eggs on the soil and the larvae hatch to feed on plants.  Young larvae feed on the foliage or small roots of weeds or crops until they reach about 1/2 inch in length.  Emerging or newly emerged weeds can be very attractive sites for egg laying and feeding by small larvae. At this stage, they can begin feeding on seedling stems, either cutting through them or burrowing into them.  Corn, peppers, tomatoes, beans, and the crucifer family are common hosts, but they will attack many kinds of herbaceous plants.

Cutworm larvae grow as large as two inches long.  They may go through as many as three generations per year.  Native cutworms overwinter in weedy areas, grassy fields or pastures.  It is often in these areas and along field borders where problems arise.  If weeds are permitted to grow in the fall after crop harvest and the fall and winter seasons are mild, large numbers of cutworms may survive to attack vegetables in the spring.

Cutworm abundance and development is greatly affected by weather, especially rainfall.   Moths mate and lay eggs from early spring (black cutworm) to late summer/fall (dingy, glassy, and bronzed cutworm), beginning the next generation. 

DAMAGE

Most cutworm damage occurs on vegetable seedlings early in the season when plants are small and have tender tissue.  Although cutworms are active throughout the summer, they are rarely a problem after spring.  Cutworm populations can vary greatly from year to year and, when numerous, can devastate a garden.  Most of the damage caused by cutworms occurs when they chew stems of young plants at or slightly above or below the soil line.  Sometimes the severed plants will drop into their burrows.  Some cutworms, e.g. black, bronzed, and army cutworms, can be very injurious, attacking and cutting new plants nightly.

Climbing species of cutworm, (e.g., variegated cutworm) can climb the stem of trees, shrubs, vines, and garden plants and eat the leaves, buds and fruit.  Other species, such as glassy cutworms, remain in the soil and feed upon roots and underground parts of the plant.

MANAGEMENT

Regularly check your garden, especially during late afternoon and evening when cutworms are more active, so you can detect their activity when they are first present.  Also inspect your plants in the morning when damage is fresh and easier to see.  Watch for plants cut off near the ground or plants that are noticeably wilting (when cutworms chew on the stems but do not sever the plant).  You may also detect droppings on the ground, which can indicate cutworm feeding.  To verify cutworms are present, run your hand over the soil, rolling over soil clumps and other potential hiding places within a one foot square area of the damage.

Control of cutworms is more effective when the larvae are small.  For some crops, such as tomatoes, peppers and celery, you may need to monitor for cutworms until harvest.

CULTURAL

Remove weeds and plant residue to help reduce egg-laying sites and seedling weeds that nourish small cutworms.  Till your garden before planting which helps expose and kill overwintering larvae.  Tilling also removes plant residue, which helps to discourage egg laying.  Avoid using green manure as this may encourage egg laying, instead use compost.  Till your garden in the fall; this helps destroy or expose overwintering larvae or pupae.

PHYSICAL

You can control cutworms by placing aluminum foil or cardboard collars around transplants.  This creates a barrier that physically prevents cutworm larvae from feeding on plants.  When placing these collars around plants, make sure one end is pushed a few inches into the soil, and the other end extends several inches above ground.  This should prevent most species of cutworms from getting to your plants.

Free Plants and Plant Swaps

We are endeavoring to have a place where people can trade or give away plants.  This post will keep an update of what is available.  Please leave a comment with phone number if you have something you want to give.  I will post it as soon as I see it.  Thanks.  -admin-

Currently we have red raspberry plants to give away or swap. They are various sizes, but should all be good for next spring.  They have a great flavor!